Adak Island

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Adak Island is an island near the western extent of the Andreanof Islands group of the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. Alaska's southernmost town, Adak, is located on the island. The island has a land area of 711.18 km² (274.59 square miles) and is located at latitude 51°52′47″N, 176°39′28″W. Due to harsh winds, frequent cloud cover, and cold temperatures, very little vegetation grows on Adak Island. The highest point is Mt. Moffett at an elevation of 3,924 feet (1,196 meters).

The word Adak is from the Aleut word adaq, which means "father."

Adak Island has been the home to Aleut peoples since ancient times. Russian explorers in the 1700s also visited the island but made no permanent settlements. During World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army took control of two of the most western Aleutian Islands - Attu and Kiska. In response, the United States military began a campaign to unseat the invaders. Since the nearest US military presence was in Cold Bay, Alaska, the military began to construct bases in the western Aleutian Islands from which to launch operations against the Japanese. Adak Island was chosen as the site of an airfield, and flight operations began in September 1942. When the US Army launched its ground assaults, they found the Japanese had abandoned the islands under cover of fog, leaving an empty island. Afterwards, the island was used for signals intelligence as Adak Island represented the closest US soil to Japanese military facilities in the Kurile Islands.

Adak Naval Air Station continued to be a military base during the Cold War but was designated a Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) site in 1995 and closed in March 1997. Shortly thereafter, the town of Adak, Alaska, was incorporated at the site of the former base. Down from a peak population of 6000, the island recorded a 2000 census population of 316 residents, all in the city of Adak, in the northern part of the island. In 1980, the Aleutian Islands National Wildlife Refuge was created and much of Adak Island lies within its boundaries.

www.adakisland.com/

1950's topo map:
www.alsap.org/Adak/topo_zoom_adak.jpg