Ochakiv

 city, district center

Ochakiv (Ukrainian: Очаків, Russian: Очаков, translit. Ochakov, Crimean Tatar, Turkish: Özü, Romanian: Oceacov) is a city in the Mykolaiv Oblast (province) of southern Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Ochakivsky Raion (district), the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast, and is located on a peninsula in the Black Sea, at the entrance to the Dnieper Rivers's estuary, just opposite of Kinburn.Ochakiv stands close to the site of the old Miletan (ancient Greek) colony of Olbia, and the Greek colony of Alektor. Strong fortifications were built at Ochakiv and on the Kinburn promontory, to protect the entrance to the Dnieper, by the medieval Poles and then by Crimean khan Meñli I Giray in 1492 when it was known as Kara Kerman. Several decades later, the fortress fell to the Ottomans and was subsequently known as Özi.
At a later date it became the centre of an Ottoman sanjak which included Khajidereh (Ovidiopol), Khadjibey (Odessa), and Dubossary, as well as some 150 villages, and Silistra Province to which it belonged was sometimes called Özi Province.
The Russian Empire besieged Ochakiv in 1737, regarding it as the main obstacle to the possession of the Black Sea littoral. It was captured by Marshal Munnich, but in the following year was abandoned and in 1739 restored to Turkey.
During the Russo-Turkish War of 1787-1792, a second siege by Russia, the Siege of Ochakov, began in 1788 and lasted six months, until the fortress was stormed in December and taken at the temperature of -23 C after a terrible loss of life. This storm became the topic of a famous ode by the great Derzhavin. The naval Battle of Ochakov took place alongside the city at the same time. The Treaty of Jassy of 1792 transferred Ochakiv to the Russian Empire.
During the Crimean War the Kinburn Fortress opposite Ochakiv was bombarded by the Anglo-French fleet and captured on October 17, 1855, in the course of the Battle of Kinburn. The fortress remained in Anglo-French hands for the remaining months of the war, while the Russians abandoned Ochakiv and destroyed the fort located there. After that war the coastal defences around Ochakiv were rebuilt and streghtened.