Harghita County

 county, invisible

Harghita is a county located in eastern Transylvania (sub Szekler Land), in central Romania. Miercurea Ciuc is the county seat. Harghita county is inhabited by Hungarians absolute majority. According to the 2011 census over 84% of the population declared themselves Hungarians.

Province was established in 1968 by reorganizing the territorial Mures-Hungarian Autonomous Region (in districts Topliţa, Gheorgheni, Miercurea Ciuc and Székelyudvarhely). Most of the county's territory was part earlier today of Counties (prewar) Ciuc and Odorhei counties respectively (prewar) Ciuc and Odorhei (with residences in Miercurea Ciuc and Székelyudvarhely). Before 1876 the county today was part of Ciuc Szekler seats (seat subsidiaries Giurgeu and Casin) and Udvarhely (seat fir branches Cristuru Secuiesc).

geographically
Harghita county (with a total area of ​​6.610 square kilometers, representing 2.8% of Romania) is located in eastern Transylvania and neighboring counties Neamt and Bacau east, west Mures, Brasov and Covasna south, and at north of Suceava.
Historic

Archaeological findings show that Harghita county has been inhabited since the Paleolithic, Neolithic switching to the area belonged to the linear culture, Boian culture and Precucuteni. In the Neolithic communities in the county penetrate cultures Tisa, Bodrogkeresztúr and then spherical amphorae cultures and transition to the Bronze Age culture belongs Ciomortan superimposed culture Wietenberg. At the beginning of the Late Bronze Age in the county of Harghita penetrate new culture bearers. The first Iron Age is the age that produce large cultural synthesis, which will crystallize the basics of Dacian civilization.

After the Roman conquest in 106 BC the county came partly just west coasts in the Roman province of Dacia composition, knowing a differentiated development, the eastern remained outside. Strong economic life is attested by the numerous monetary and discover treasures from Citrus, Crooked Valley, Tibod, Cristuru Secuiesc. Mid-Century III administration and the Roman army leave the province, following a period full of disturbances etnodemografice.

In the fourth century in the county of Harghita, as in all eastern Transylvania complex extends chernyakhov culture, political Goths mastering a period this territory. In the seventh century, century after the establishment of the Avars in Transylvania, through the passes of the Eastern Carpathians began entering Slavs under pressure which Avar territory was restricted century VIII and was restricted to the middle Maros and lower the Târnavelor. Archaeological research shows that the lives of most settlements during the late migrations does not go out in the eighth century. but continues following centuries when the XIII century when the first settlements Szekler here.

1366-1427-period training Szekler Seats

1562 Szeklers against rebels against taxes imposed by John Sigismund Zápolya but the uprising was defeated and Szeklers was dismantled and incorporated into the uniform system of counties.

1657 begins campaign to conquer the throne of Poland based on Székely troops, and orders retaliation devastating attack against the Ottoman Empire in 1661 Szekler.

1691 Transylvania became Habsburg domination, important decisions are taken in Vienna.

Tatars fall by step Ghimeş 1694, devastates everything and take hostages.

1710 with the establishment of the Habsburg administration rebuilds Miko fortress (Miercurea-Ciuc).

1750-1762: Within the Boundary Military are established first Szekler Infantry Regiment and the Second Infantry Regiment Szekler, which arouses discontent Szekler.

1764: siculicidium. Szekler's refusal to join the regiments of guards, part of the Austrian military system, culminating in violent riots. They were repressed by General Adolf von Buccow. According to historical records, about 200 Székely were killed during the events.

1784 Ciuc and Odorhei counties are emerging.

1819 was built the first paved road Miercurea Ciuc, Odorhei.

Habsburg Empire in 1849 gradually decreases in strength, following a period of relative developed, it widened the late nineteenth century. With the advent of the first railway crossing area, Szeklers start building more substantial, heavier periods and marked the first World War II.

The county appear first cities Odorheiul certified in 1301 (certified as fair in 1485 and as a city in 1558) Gheorgheni certified in 1333 (declared a town in 1905), Cristuru-Secuiesc certified in 1395 (certified as fair in 1503 and the city in 1559, declined to the status of trade in the seventeenth century, fallen to the status of Joint in 1886, said the new city in 1956), Miercurea Ciuc certified as fair in 1427 and as a city in 1558, Topliţa certified in 1567 (declared city 1956), Baile-Tusnad 1732 certified (city declared 1968).
Relief
Mountain area

Western sector:
Călimani Mures gorge in north with high altitudes, some 2,000 m. (2,102 m peak Pietrosu).
Gurghiu Mountains extending between the Mures gorge to the north, south Sicas step, Giurgeu east and west hills and Subcarpaţii Târnavelor Mures.
Harghita Mountains form a long chain of 70 km. wide and about 25 km. with peaks Harghita Racu of 1.757 m, Harghita Ciceu of 1,759 m. and Harghita Madaras 1,800 m. They are delimited by step Sicas and Obârşia Târnavei Mari north of line localities Feliceni, Văleni Mereşti and Mărtiniş west and south Depression and Baraolt Mountains line Herculian settlements and Filia. In eastern boundary passes through the base of the volcanic cone Pietrosu and Ciuc Depression.

Eastern sector:
Budacului Mountains is in southeastern Brostenilor Black Mountains between the rivers Bistrita, Borca and Bistricioara.
Giurgeului the form of a long summits between Călimani north, Borsec and Bilbor depressions in the east and northeast, Hasmas Mountains in the south and west basin of the same name.
Hăşmaş willing Bistricioarei mountains and creek waters between Lavardi.
Ciuc Mountains situated at the eastern limit of Ciuc Depression between Obârşiei Olt, Trotus and Uz.
Harghita Mountains Perşani penetrate through peaks located on the northern valley Vârghiş.

Hilly
Small Târnavei hills stretching from the valley to the brook Niraj Nicou White.
Odorhei hills with peaks Tăietrua Fortress Bădeni and Rez, dominant in the west.

lowland
Giurgeu the upper valley Mures with a length of 40 km. and a maximum width of 25 km.
Ciuc basin is located in the central part of the Eastern Carpathians, drained by the upper Olt and its tributaries, and stretches over 50 km. and a width of 10 km.
Casin Depression is Ciuc Mountains in the west, at the edge of Bodoc and has a length of about 20 km.

Hydrography
Rivers
Olt flows south collecting a number of small tributaries flow: Big Creek, Great Meadow, Mădăraşu Great Cozmeni, Beautiful, Tusnad Delniţa.
Mureşul the north and collects streams: Topliţa, Jolotca, Călimănel, Borzont, Ditrău Şumuleul Great Gălăuţaş.
Small tributaries having Târnava Mare Corund Bough.
river Trotuş
Uz river
river Vârghiş
river Homorod
river Casin
river Bicaz

lakes
Lake Saint Anne was formed in the crater of a volcano.
Red Lake, natural storage lake formed after the collapse of a mountain peak that has blocked the river.

Climate
The climate presents major differences depending on height, valley, depression, currents, but mainly two types stand out:
Carpathian hills moderate continental climate where summers are warm and wetter and colder winters and sometimes blizzards. The average temperature in summer, July is 18 degrees and winter, January is -5.5 degrees Celsius.
Specific mountainous uplands climate where summers are short, cool and wetter and cold winters, blizzards and a thick layer of snow and stable period îndelugată. Average summer temperature is 10 degrees and -8 degrees Celsius in winter.

Ciuc and Gheorgheni Depression stands out in terms of climate because here there is a specific local climate, characterized by high frequencies and long persistence of nighttime thermal inversions and winter. Following these events, these depressions are among the coldest regions in the country, both in the summer and the iarnii.
Flora and fauna

Flora in the hills rich in hardwood beech, hornbeam, oak; extensive areas on the mountain peaks and develops compact spruce, red elder, sycamore, currants, rowan; depressions formed from vegetation and hydrophilic mezohigrofile plants such as willow, willow, alder, reed, sedge, horsetail etc.

Very rich and varied fauna living here: deer, wolf, fox, wild boar, squirrel, rabbit, ferret, lynx, marten, bear, stag, eagle, tit, blackbird etc.
Network of roads

E578: Sărăţel-Reghin-Topliţa-Ciuc-Gheorgheni Miercurea St. George-Chichiş
DN11B: Kézdivásárhely-Cozmeni
DN12: St. George-Braşov-Miercurea Ciuc Tusnad-Topliţa
DN12: Miercurea Ciuc, Targu Ocna-Comăneşti Onesti
DN12C: Gheorgheni Red Lake-Bicaz
DN13A: Miercurea Ciuc-mine-Sovata-Bălăuşeri
DN13B: Gheorgheni-mine
DN15: Turda-Ludus-Targu Mures-Toplita-Piatra Neamt, Bacau

Railway Network
Section: Miercurea Ciuc-Saint George-Braşov
Section: Miercurea Ciuc-Toplita-Deda
Section: Miercurea Ciuc, Comanesti-Adjud

policy
Composition of Harghita County (30 councilors)
Composition of the party Advisors
66.7% Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania 20
13.3% Hungarian Civic Party 4
10% Social-Liberal Union 3
10% Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania 3

administrative divisions
Harghita County has 4 municipalities, 5 cities and 58 municipalities.
municipalities
Miercurea-Ciuc - municipal, county
Odorhellen - municipality
Gheorgheni - municipality
Topliţa - municipality

cities
Cristuru Secuiesc - city
Balan - city
Vlăhiţa - city
Borsec - city
Tusnad - city

common
list of communes

population
Harghita County has a population of 326 222 inhabitants, of which over 56% live in rural areas.
ethnic structure
Ethnic map of Harghita County, based on the 2011 census.

In terms of confessional majority of inhabitants are Roman Catholics. According to the census of 2011 there were 200 663 registered Roman Catholics, Orthodox 37.670, 36.760 reformed 21.093 Unitarians, etc.
Economy

Wood processing in furniture manufacturing industry plays an important role in the economy of the county. Wealth basements in hydro, gas mofetta and thermal water also has economic importance by exploiting their spas Baile Harghita and Tusnad and reserves of mineral water for various types of hydro are exploited on an industrial scale as mineral water bottling Citrus, Perla Harghita , Tuşnad, Bilbor. A special contribution to the county's economy and make textiles, clothing and knitwear, food industry by processing and industrialization of meat and milk, agriculture crops and livestock by making, trade, services and tourism.

The development of products specific to the area, folk pottery Corund and Dăneşti and enhancing rural tourism also have their role in the economy of this county.
Tourist spots

Baroque Complex Şumuleu
Monastery of St. Elijah in Topliţa
The wooden church in Tulgheş
Church of Săcel
Miko fortress that houses the Museum of Ethnography
Castle Lăzarea
Tusnad
borsec
Bath salt mine
Saint Ana Lake
The Red lake
Bicaz Canyon
Poiana daffodils from Vlăhiţa
Salt Mountain mine
Dumbrava swamp Harghitei

Website (with english version): harghitacounty.ro/en.html