Jankala

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Jand (or Jend) was a major medieval town on the southernmost branch of the lower Syr Darya (called the Zhan Darya). The archaeological site of Jankala (or Zhankala) has long been identified as the location of Jand. However, recent analysis of the archaeological remains by Bajpakov and Vojakin has indicated that they are not to be dated prior to the 14th century. Therefore, even if Jankala is the site of Mongol and post-Mongol Jand, the earlier city of Jand was located elsewhere. By analogy with the geographical displacement of other towns (e.g., Samarqand and Sawran), Bajpakov and Vojakin have suggested the archaeological site of Kumkala, some 10 km southeast and across the river from Jankala, as the possible location of earlier Jand.

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