CATE Seversk

 second-level administrative division, draw only border, closed administrative-territorial entity

Seversk (the official name is the City District "Closed Administrative-Territorial Entity "Seversk") is a closed city in Tomsk region, located on the right bank of the Tom River. Seversk is the largest CATE of Rosatom (formerly the Ministry of Energy of Russian Federation). The population as of January 1 of 2006 is 114,100 inhabitants. Total area of CATE is currently 48,565 hectares (ha). The city was founded in 1949 as a settlement at the Siberian Chemical Plant, in 1956 it became a city. Tomsk townspeople called it Tomsk-7 or Fifth Postal, in the world it was called "the village of White Beard", "Atomsk". Later, a competition was announced in which each resident could offer a name to the city. BUT Seversk consists of 6 settlements: the city of Seversk itself, the villages of Samuse, Orlovka, Chernilshikovo, Kizhirovo, Semiozerki.

On the territory of the future, however, there are archaeological excavations, TSU scientists, and then Seversk local historians and historians study the life of the post-Aryan, Scythian, Finougor, and Tunguska tribes, who lived here in the period earlier than 3000 years BC using artifacts. Less than a thousand years ago, tribes of Siberian Tatars also settled in these places. The migration routes of many subsequent peoples lay here, during the late Golden Horde (the White (Siberian) Horde or the Siberian Kingdom), many tribes mixed here. After the defeat of the capital of Khan Kuchum by Ermak, the processes of disintegration of the union of peoples began in the White Horde and the Siberian Tatars on the Tom and Ob faced the threat of the destruction of their settlements by the raids of previously friendly nomadic Kyrgyz. At the invitation of the Siberian Tatars, the Moscow tsar creates several strategic Cossack prisons in Siberia on the banks of the Ob, Irtysh and Tom rivers. At the confluence of the Ushayki River in Tom (20 kilometers south of modern Seversk), the Tomsk prison appears, which soon began to exercise the main military-political and cultural influence throughout Southern Siberia, contributed to the development of new lands by its Cossacks to the east - along the Yenisei River, Angara in Transbaikalia and the Far East. More than 300 years ago, new waves of migrations began — Russian Cossacks founded villages in the Tomsk region and the Tom region, while the new settlers were always friendly with the population, which already had their rare settlements here. These are Ostyaks, Kerzhaks, Tunguses, Khanty and Mansi, Tomsk Tatars. Another wave of the influx of the Russian population was the resettlement of peasants from Central Russia to Siberia as part of the Stolypin reform of the early XX century. Two main factors contributed to the development of the territory in the XIX century: the rapid development of capitalism in Siberia (based on the development of Tomsk river navigation from Yeniseisk and Tobolsk to Barnaul and Kuznetsk) and mass exiles here mainly of highly educated populist revolutionaries, later socialist revolutionaries and then rare in 1890-1907 Social Democrats of the RSDLP - from Little Russia (modern Ukraine), Belarus, Poland, the Baltic States, Moscow and St. Petersburg. Before the October Revolution of 1917, the legendary Maria Bochkareva, a future hero of the First World War, a cavalryman-maiden, a full St. George cavalier, lived in the villages on the territory of modern BUT in childhood.Before and after the Revolution, scientists of Tomsk State University discovered parking lots of ancient settlements on the territory of the future BUT, the first excavations of the discovered Irmen culture were started. On March 26, 1949, the USSR Council of Ministers decided to launch a domestic nuclear project and to establish a plant for the production of highly enriched uranium-235 and weapons-grade plutonium near the city of Tomsk. The new industrial complex was originally called the "Trans-Ural Office of Glavpromstroy" or Combine No. 816. On July 26, 1953, just four years after the start of construction, the first Siberian uranium was obtained at the isotope separation plant, part of the Agricultural Complex. The world's first industrial nuclear power plant (NPP-1, also known as the Siberian NPP) with a capacity of 100 megawatts, founded by order of the USSR Minister L.P. Beria, was built in Seversk in 1958. In 1933, a youth labor commune "Chekist" was created on the site of the future city for street children collected by the NKVD in Central Russia (later - correctional labor colony No. 1 of the UITLiK NKVD camp of the USSR), which transferred its name to the settlement in which the first builders of the city lived. This microdistrict, on the other hand, is still called "the village of the Chekist". The city of nuclear scientists developed towards the Tomsk villages of Beloborodovo and Iglakovo. In the developments of foreign intelligence, the secret object (the city and the combine) was designated for a long time as Belaya Boroda. The village of Beloborodovo on the territory of the city ceased to exist in the 1980s. The village of Iglakovo still exists today, and has acquired the status of a microdistrict of the city. The city had several original names, one of the most euphonious was the village of Berezki. In 1954, the closed city was given the name Seversk, but later in the documents, for the sake of secrecy, it was called Tomsk-7. The city was popularly called simply "Postal" — due to the fact that the construction of the plant was called "Mailbox No. 5", or "Fifth Postal". For the construction of the combine, by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR, concentration correctional labor camps were organized. The prisoners worked not only at industrial facilities, their labor was also used in the construction of residential buildings and urban infrastructure. About 20 thousand convicts worked on the construction of the closed city and the combine. In addition to prisoners, thousands and thousands of young people from different parts of the USSR came to Seversk for the construction of the city, for the commissioning of the production facilities of the future agricultural complex — scientists, military, engineers and technical specialists, highly skilled workers, etc. In memory of the builders, creators of Seversk and the Agricultural Complex, a memorial monument has been erected in the city at the beginning of the main avenue. The large infrastructural development of the agricultural complex, Seversk, systems for using surplus hot water for vegetable growing, for heating the neighborhoods of the regional center — Tomsk, the rapid development of the social and cultural life of the city are connected with the fact that the "atomic minister" E.P. Slavsky and the first secretary of the Tomsk Regional Committee of the CPSU E.K. Ligachev paid attention to the Nuclear project of the country. The secrecy of Seversk and the SHK left an imprint on the entire Tomsk region. During the Soviet era, the entry of citizens was restricted here and the entry of foreign citizens was almost completely prohibited. Secrecy from the name "Seversk" and restrictions of a regime nature from Tomsk and the Tomsk region were lifted after perestroika, in 1990, mainly on the initiative of the Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee E.K. Ligachev. In March 1997, according to the Decree of the President of Russia, a closed administrative-territorial entity (BUT) was formed, which included the city of Seversk, the villages of Samus, Orlovka, Chernilshikovo, the villages of Kizhirovo, Semiozerki. The city continues to be in a state of a special regime for the admission of citizens to it. You can get to Seversk only by having a special pass. Two highways lead to the city, on which the Central and Sosnovsky checkpoints are located. There are checkpoints within the city limits for citizens to exit to the embankment of the Tom River.