The Tower Shielding Facility (Oak Ridge, Tennessee)

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A series of experiments were performed to investigate the protection afforded by various typical structures against prompt weapons radiation. Radiation-intensity measurements were made at the Tower Shielding Facility in two concrete-shielded bunkers and in an interconnecting tunnel. Prompt weapons radiation was simulated by the Tower Shielding Reactor II (TSR-II), which was operated 100 ft above the ground. The distance between the reactor and the bunkers was approximately 700 ft. The bunkers were each 12-ft cubes and were constructed so that the shield thickness on the front face of one and on the top face of the other could be varied in 4-in. steps from 0 to 20 in. The thickness of concrete and dirt surrounding all other faces was sufficient to make them black to incident radiation. The gamma-ray and fast-neutron dose rates and thermal-neutron fluxes measured at various positions within the bunkers and in the tunnel and the pulse-height spectra from a 3-in. sodium iodide crystal determined at one position in the top bunker and one position in the tunnel are reported.

Source : Defense Technical Information Center
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