Lateran Baptistery (Rome)

 christianity, catholicism, baptistery, place of worship, 5th century constructions

The domed octagonal Lateran Baptistery stands somewhat apart from the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano, Rome, to which it has become joined by later construction. This baptistery was founded by Pope Sixtus III in 440.In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry (Latin baptisterium, from Greek βαπτίζειν) is the separate centrally-planned structure surrounding the baptismal font. The baptistery may be incorporated within the body of a church or cathedral and be provided with an altar as a chapel. In the early Christian Church, the catechumens(those learing the Faith) were instructed and the sacrament of baptism was administered in the baptistery before the full admission to The Church.
This baptistery was for many generations the only baptistery in Rome, and its octagonal structure, centered upon the large octagonal basin for full immersions provided a model for others throughout Italy, and even an iconic motif of illuminated manuscripts, "The fountain of Life".

Around the central area, where is the basin of the font, an octagon is formed by eight porphyry columns, with marble Corinthian capitals and entablature of classical form. On the ceiling of the Baptistery is the story of the Battle of the Milvian Bridge (312). An ambulatory surrounds the font and outer walls form a larger octagon. Attached to one side, towards the Lateran basilica, is a fine porch with two porphyry columns and richly carved capitals, bases and entablatures.

Its plain brick exterior is embellished with a frieze designed by Francesco Borromini in 1657, incorporating the arms of Pope Alexander VII.