Location Anadyr fortress (1652-1771)

 place with historical importance, archaeological site, hillfort

In the 1648-1649 year with a reliable Semen Degnev on ships - kochah adapted to swimming in the northern seas for the first time passed through the strait between Asia and America. After the storm scattered remnants of the expedition Dezhneva emissions on the southern coast of Chukotka, it by January 1649 within walking distance to the mouth of the river Anadyr.
Overwinter here in the summer with the remaining 12 members of the team, he went up the river and 18 km from the modern village Markovo laid the winter, in the place which in 1652 was built Anadyr jail.
www.zaimka.ru / to_sun / chukchi.shtml

Attempts to force the Chukchis pay Yasaka made repeatedly, but without much success: Yasaka collected Dezhnevym for 10 years, was negligible. Chukchi and Russian will not vzlyubili each other and their meetings rarely ended peacefully. Industrial attracted people mainly morzhovaya bone when the same residents morzhovyh lezhbisch were almost broken, they began to leave Anadyr jail. The situation of Russians in the Anadyr become more severe: they are self-sufficient in food, salaries were not tolerated and the need for the essentials.

Repeatedly raised the issue of closing the Anadyr fortress. But at the end of the XVII century. He again assumed great strategic importance as the starting point of many expeditions. In 1697-1699gg. Atlasov and Morozko to Kamchatka. In 1660 K. Ivanov to the lagoon and the Cross Bay Providence. In 1685 L. Morozko and I. Golygina on «Koryak land» to cape Olyutorsky.
The first Russian expedition to Chukotka organized by merchants, mash with a Cossack, and does not amount to deliberate public policy. With the opening of Kamchatka Anadyr fort became the stronghold, he obeyed all of the new jail and the winter hut. Meanwhile, the trip from Anadyr fortress to Kamchatka was a complex and troubled, Chukchi committed frequent raids, and the Government had to seek new ways to a rich sable Kamchatka Peninsula. The opening of sea routes to the altered function of Kamchatka Anadyr fortress: deprived of the value center of the Chukchi-Kamchatka Region, he was the only outpost of the Russian state in the north-east.
www.chukotka.org/ru/region/history/chukotka_in_russia/

At the end of 17 - 18 century accounts during tribal wars in Chukotka. Especially frequent were military clashes between the Chukchi and Koryak. Capturing deer herds, along with nomadic reindeer herding has become one of the branches of economy of indigenous peoples, referred to the stage of «military democracy», in his social development. For many Chukchi away from the zones of Russian influence and close Koryaks, Kereks, Yukagirs, sought protection from the Russians.
In 1727 at the initiative of the Yakut Cossack head Afanasy Shestakova the Russian Empire, the Senate approved the "opinion": "Inozemtsev which people find and prilegli to the Siberian side, and not under cheyu power, those under Russian ownership and conquer in yasachny payment to enter." To this end, sent an expedition to Chukotka strength of 400 soldiers and Cossacks, the supporting base which became Anadyr jail. At the head was Shestakov, and the chief military command decided Tobolsk dragoon regiment captain Dimitri Pavlutsky.
In 1729, dividing their forces into two squad (each was replenished Yakutia and Koryak) Shestkov and began to conquer Pavlutsky Chukotka. Chukchi, in spite of what might oppose musket and saber zavovateley only arrows and spears with bone points, had a fierce Russian resistance. In March 1730, they defeated the squad Shestakova, killing of the Cossack's head. Order Pavlutskogo Chukchi have three major battles, which have suffered serious losses. They were really big battle, on the far eastern standard simply enormous. They say, and now in the tundra, you can find fields splashed with the remnants of the shell or walrus skin and bone sivucha tips ...
After the defeat of Pavlutskogo, Chukchi refused to open battles with the Russians by moving to guerrilla activities, while continuing to fight against the accepted Russian poddantvo Koryak and Yukagirs.

In the 1744-1746 biennium. Pavlutsky produced in the majors, with a team of 400-650 soldiers, Cossacks, and yasachnyh Yukagirs and Koryaks made three trip to Chukotka Peninsula. In March 1747, near Anadyr Chukchi squad defeated Voivod. Sam Pavlutsky fled to the fort, but was nastignut on the hill, now called Maiorski and killed. On the Russian side in the battle killed himself, Major, 40 Cossacks and 11 Koryaks. In addition, the Chukchi were able to capture deer Anadyr garrison, guns, ammunition and equipment Pavlutskogo team, including a gun and a banner. This defeat has made a striking impression on the Russian authorities. The Senate and the Siberian order hastily took the decision to move additional troops in Anadyr.
The events that unfolded in 1730-1750-ies. Chukotka and Kamchatka, have been replete with many battles, capture the Russians and native fortresses-the prison, the mutual bitterness and significant casualties.

Chukchis war with the Russian colonial troops lasted 150 years. And at some stage even the Chukchi won its victory.
In early 1763, arrived in Anadyr new commander, Lieutenant Frederick Plenisner. After reviewing the state of affairs, he proposed to do to eliminate Anadyr party. First, the content for the time spent was 1 381 007 rubles. 49 kop. While from yasachnogo and other charges received only 29 152 rub. 54 kop. Secondly, the Chukchi of citizenship is not given, Chukchi, Koryak-Yukagir clashes continued.
And the Senate concurred with the closure of Anadyr Party, recognizing that it was "useless and the people heavily." In 1765 from Anadyr began the withdrawal of troops and civilians, and in 1771 - destroyed fortification. Outpost of Russian authorities in the north-east Siberia, has ceased to exist. This is not only indicative of a cessation of hostilities against the Chukchi, but also meant the actual defeat of Russia. This allowed the Chukchi penetrate Anadyr, pushed Koryaks to Gizhigu and Yukagirs - at Kolyma.

But the appearance off the coast of Chukotka British and French expeditions zastvilo authorities of the Russian empire to think about the hand over the province. In 1776 Catherine II said to make every effort to adopt Chukchis of citizenship. It is not military force, and bribery, the Russian had a significantly greater. In March 1778 the efforts of Gizhiginskoy fortress commandant Captain Timothy Shmaleva nobleman and Siberian, Chukchi baptism of Nicholas Daurkina with "mostly" toyonom Omulyatom Hergyntovym contract was made on the adoption of Russian citizenship Chukchi.
parasonium.livejournal.com/10883.html

The fortress was the center of Orthodoxy in Chukotka.
Built in jail Vsemilostivogo Church of Our Savior was made of wood, «kind of very fine». After the abolition of Anadyr fortress in 1764 was transferred to vessels of the church Gizhiginskoy fortress, but a part - in the Spasskaya centners. Nizhnekolymska.
Christianity does not leave any traces of Chukchis, although a few dozen of them were listed Christians.