Nizhnekamchatsky

 museum, fortification, nature conservation park / area

The Nizhnekamchatsky jail - has been based in 1703.

In 1728-1729 the Nizhnekamchatsky jail becomes base of the First Kamchatka expedition.
For those times it was one largest on peninsula.
The jail some times changed the location and the name. So, in 1731 it was at a stop modern settlement Keys and after ruin this year risen ительменами has been restored, but already in other place and with other name. The new jail was built in 90 kilometers more low down the river, near by lakes Shantal, and, according to a new arrangement, named Nizhneshantalsky. But in 1732 it called the Bottom Kamchadalsky jail, since 1742 — Bottom Kamchatka.

Inhabitants grew up turnip and a radish, barley, oats. Growing "grasses пырейные" were "so злачны that in the summer three times can be mowed down". For the winter prepared wood berries, fished and traded an animal.

In Nizhnekamchatske to 1930th there was a local archive in which unique documents on stories of development of Kamchatka and Russian America were stored, covering the period from the beginning XVIII prior to the beginning of XX centuries Unfortunately, all archive is lost. There is an information that during the Great Patriotic War because of shortage of a paper the archive part was transferred to local schools. On an underside of documents children studied in calligraphy and arithmetics.

The special place in the history of Kamchatka is occupied with Nizhnekamchatsky Uspensky church. It is the unique monument of the wooden architecture which have reached us in centuries. Church have constructed in 1737, priest Ermolaj Ivanov has consecrated it on June, 15th, 1741.

In 1921-1922 in civil opposition on Kamchatka the power in Ust-Kamchatske belonged to the revolutionary persons who have arrived in here for work on fishings. They have created guerrilla group in which have entered and нижнекамчатцы, bearing sentries into a mouth of the river of Kamchatka and on the Tsutsumsky cat. In a diarchy on Kamchatka both parties - both red, and white - tried to agitate local population and to explain it the actions.
In 1923 in Nizhnekamchatske the Soviet power was established. Essential changes in life of peasants at the beginning hasn't occurred, short of the organization in December, 1924 of a Komsomol cell.

In the early thirties in Nizhnekamchatske the collective farm "Lenin's Way" was formed. Collective farmers caught a salmon, cultivated a potato and cabbage, grew up tobacco, were engaged in cattle breeding.
Then on the basis of collective farm state farm "Krutobergovsky" compartment has opened, and in 1968 Nizhnekamchatsk has been closed. Inhabitants have moved in Ust-Kamchatsk and Keys.

In 1980th on a place of the former jail employees of the Kamchatka regional museum of local lore have spent archeological excavations. In 1993 the Uspensky church is partially repaired and consecrated. The historical center of peninsula - Nizhnekamchatsk - should revive in new quality: as istoriko-tourist object.
www.kamchatsky-krai.ru/history/makhorkin.htm