Rybachy

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Rybachy (Russian: Рыба́чий, from Рыба́к, "Fisherman", German: Rossitten, Lithuanian: Rasytė) is a rural settlement in Zelenogradsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Curonian Spit. As of 2010 it has about 839 residents. It was formerly known for the Rossitten Bird Observatory and the Rossitten gliding school. Rybachy is the largest settlement on the Russian side of the Curonian Spit between the Curonian Lagoon and the Baltic Sea, close to the border with Lithuania. It is the administrative seat of the Kurschskaja Kossa (Curonian Spit) municipality. It lies approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) north-east of Zelenogradsk.
A Teutonic Ordensburg castle on the road from Königsberg to Memel (Klaipėda) was first mentioned in 1372. It had been the site of a Curonian fishing village, named after Old Prussian rosit ("dew", cf. Lithuanian: Rasa). Constantly threatened by coastal dunes the settlement had to be relocated several times until their migration was stopped by large-scale afforestation in the 19th century. From 1701 on it was part of the Kingdom of Prussia, and since 1871 it belonged to Germany, within which it was administratively located in the province of East Prussia until the end of World War II. In the late 19th century, the village had a population of 369, mostly employed in fishing, but also in agriculture. In the 1920s, the dunes near the village with their updraft was a popular venue for glider pilots like Julius Hatry. In 1924 the local gliding school became part of the Rhön-Rossitten Gesellschaft, predecessor of the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug (German Research Institute for Sailplane Flight). The area was also known as an elk habitat. In the 1930s it developed to a resort town. It was transferred, along with the northern portion of the former province of East Prussia, to the Soviet Union in the aftermath of World War II. Rybachy translates as "Fishers' (settlement)", and appropriately employment centers on the fishing boats which dock at the pier on the Curonian Lagoon. The former Rossitten Bird Observatory (1901-1944) is today the site of the Rybachy Biological Station, founded in 1956 by Lev Belopolsky, which continues research on bird migration. In 2006, Rybachy's classification was downgraded from an urban-type settlement to a rural settlement.