"ZEVS"

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"ZEVS" is the code name of a Russian Navy radio communication facility (transmitter) for transmitting messages to submarines submerged in ocean depths or under Arctic ice. It is located on the Kola Peninsula. The messages were transmitted at a carrier frequency of 82 Hz.
The development of the ZEUS transmitter dates back to the late 1960s and early 1970s. Nuclear submarines, adopted by that time in the USSR, could stay underwater for a long time and make almost circumnavigations in this position. In these conditions, an important task was the need to transfer commands to any point of the world ocean to ships located at a depth of tens and the first hundreds of meters. The solution to this problem was the creation of a radio communication system at ultra-low frequencies. The carrier frequency of such a system had to be low enough so that the electromagnetic radiation passing through the water column was weakened as little as possible at the required depth. In the USSR, a frequency of 82 Hz was adopted for the ZEUS transmitter. In the USA, a similar transmitter for radio communications (Project ELF) had a frequency of 76 Hz.
A feature of radio communication is that an electromagnetic field with a frequency below 100 Hz propagates in the far zone with low attenuation - about 1.5 dB / 1000 km. An electromagnetic wave propagating in a waveguide formed by the Earth's surface and the ionosphere layer penetrates into the walls of this waveguide to a greater depth, the longer the wavelength. From such an American transmitter , signals were recorded in the world ocean at a depth of up to 100 m and at a distance of up to 10,000 km . However, low-frequency radio communication requires a transmitting antenna tens of kilometers long, and the low efficiency of the antenna requires the use of a powerful transmitter, and only one-way communication can be provided. One of the requirements that determined the location of the object on the Murmansk block of the Earth's crust on the territory of the Kola Peninsula was that the location of the antenna should be a weakly conducting, sufficiently homogeneous base.
The development and creation of the ZEUS transmitter were associated with the solution of a number of non-standard theoretical and engineering problems. The work was attended by: the Navy's Long-Range Operational Communications Control Center, the Comintern NGO (now the Russian Institute of Powerful Radio Engineering, RIMR), the DC Research Institute, the Institute of the Earth's Crust and the V.A. Fock Institute of St. Petersburg State University, the Nizhny Novgorod Radiophysical Institute and other institutions. The construction was completed in 1985, and since 1986 the tasks of combat duty have been solved. All the works and the current facility were kept in the strictest secrecy, so the details of the creation were not published in the open press for a long time.

www.vlf.it/zevs/zevs.htm