aashapura maa nadol oran (Nadol) | temple, park, region, interesting place

 temple, park, region, interesting place

Location of Nadol in Pali District
It is an ancient city. A Jain scroll which Colonel James Tod obtained from a Jain guru in Sanderao gives the earliest description of founding of this town. The scroll mentions that on the sack of Valabhi city in Gujarat, thirty thousand Jain families abandoned Valabhi and led by their priests found a retreat for themselves in Marwar, where they erected the towns of Sanderao, Bali and Nadol in 524 AD.[3]

The town is a historic place, having history with the great Hindu king Prithviraj Chauhan. Near to the town, Juna Kheda is the place which is reserved by the archeology department. Father of Prithviraj Chauhan died at this place only during fighting to the Solankis.

In 1197 A.D the Chauhans of Nadol migrated under Kirtipala to Jalore after attack of Qutb-ud-din Aybak. Nadol was under Chauhans up to 1291 AD. The King Kalhana and Jayat Simha fought with Muhammad Gauri. Later Jayat Simha joined hand with Parmars of Abu to against Qutb-ud-din Aybak. But they were defeated. Some records tell that rulers of the Mandor also related to Chauhans of Nadol.

I and II Sadadi and Nadol Inscriptions of Jojaladeva V.S. 1147 (1090 AD)

Sanskrit Text I
1. ओ संवत् 1147 वैशाखसुदि 2 बुधवासरे महा
2. राजश्रीजोजलदेवेन श्रीलक्ष्मणस्वामिपृभ़ति-
3. समस्‍तदेवानां यात्राकालव्‍यवहारो लेखित: ||
4. यत्र दिने यत्र देवे यात्रा भवति तचारपसमस्‍तदे |
5. वानां सत्‍क्रप्रमकुलै: सर्:व्‍वै साकल्पै: सुवस्वैर्विद्याव-
6. द्भिद्यागत्‍य वाद्यनृत्‍यगानादिविधि [न] यात्रा कर्तव्‍याSग्रे
7. च सर्व्‍वकालमस्प्रदंशजैरन्‍यैर्वा भाविभूमिपालैरित्‍थं
8. (सर्व्‍व)दैवेषु यात्रा कारयितव्‍या यात्राकाले तपस्वी वड-
9. - - - विद्यावान्‍वाSपरोपि यो भंगोपायं कुरूते तस्‍य
10. _ _ [नि] ग्रह: करणीय: | य[श्च] राजाSनेनं क्रमेण यात्रा
11. न कारयिष्‍यति तस्‍य गर्दभोन्‍तरे |
Sanskrit Text II
1. ओ संवत् 1147 वैशाखसुदि 2 बुधवास-
2. रे महाराधिराजश्रीजोजलदेव सम-
3. स्‍देवानां श्रीलक्ष्‍मणस्‍वामिप्रभृतीनां यात्राव्‍य-
4. वहारं लेखयति यथा || यत्र घस्रे यत्र [दे]वे
5. यात्रा भवति तत्र समस्‍तदेवानां सत्‍कप्रमदाकु
6. लैराकल्‍पसंयुक्‍तै सुवस्रैर्विद्यावद्भिश्‍च सशूल-
7. पालैरागत्‍य नित्‍यं वाद्यनृत्‍य[गीत]ादिविधिना यात्रा
8. करणीया | अग्रे च सर्व्‍वकालमस्‍प्रद्वंशजैरन्‍यैर्वा भा-
9. विभूमिपालैरि[त्‍थं] सर्व्‍वदेवेषु यात्रा कारयितव्‍या |
10. यात्राकाले तपस्‍वी वडहरको विद्यावान्‍वाSपरौ
11. पि यो भंगोपायं कुरूवे तस्‍य राज्ञा निग्रह कर
12. णीय यश्‍च राजाSनेन क्रमेण सर्व्‍वदेवेषु यात्रां
13. न कारयिष्‍यति तस्‍य गर्द्दभोSन्‍तरे ||
Sadadi and Nadol Inscriptions of Jojaladeva V.S. 1147 (1090 AD) [4]
The first of these inscriptions was found at Sadadi, and the second at Nadol, both in the Desuri District, Godvad Division, Jodhpur State. The former is engraved on a pillar in the temple of Jagesvara, but as all the materials of this temple are said to have been brought from ruins elsewhere, it is clear that the inscription did not originally belong to Sadadi. It contains 11 lines of writing. The second inscription is incised on a pillar in the temple of Somesvara, and bears 13 lines. The letters of the first are deeply cut, and, excepting two or three aksharas at the beginning of lines 8-10, the record is well preserved. The second is weather-worn and has not yielded satisfactory impressions. The whole of it, however, is intact. The characters are Nagari. The language is Sanskrit, and both the inscriptions are in prose.

In respect of orthography, it is sufficient to state that the letters b and v are both denoted by the sign for v. Of words unknown or rarely employed, we may note the following : (1) yātrā, (2) satka, (3) vaḍaharaka, (4) shulapāla, and (5) pramadākula. Yātrā is a festival which is held on different days for different gods. The word is frequently met with in the Bhinmal inscriptions. Satka, of course means " belonging to," and, though foreign to classical Sanskrit literature, is found in later inscriptions and in Jaina literature. Vaḍaharaka, I think, is the Sanskritised form of the Marwari word baḍero, meaning "an old man." The word Sulapala, which occurs only in No. II, is given in Monier-Williams' Dictionary to mean " the keeper of a brothel or frequenter of brothels," but the sense intended here seems to be that of " associates of courtezans, who accompany them on musical instruments while singing or dancing." Pramadvkula means obviously a host of courtesans, and is used in this sense also in the Bhinmal inscriptions. The contents of both the inscriptions are almost identical. They are dated on Wednesday, the second of the bright half of Vaisakha in the [Vikrama-] year 1147 and refer themselves to the reign of Jojaladeva, who, in No. I, is styled Maharaja and, in No. II, Maharajadhiraja. They lay down the order of the king with regard to the management of festivals in connection with all the gods, such as Lakshmanasvamin and others. The order is that when the festival of any particular god commences, the courtezans attached to the temples of the other gods must also put on their ornaments and best garments and attend with their Sulapalas to celebrate it by instrumental music, dancing, singing, and so forth. Jojaladeva goes even to the extent of conjuring his descendants and other princes to keep the festivals of all the gods going in this manner, and warns them by adding that he, who, at the time of a festival, attempts to abolish this practice, be he an ascetic, an old person, or a learned man, should be prevented from doing so by the reigning ruler. The inscription ends with a curse on those princes who will not maintain this practice.

In, the temple of Jagesvara at Sadadi, where No. I was engraved on a pillar, other inscriptions also are found, but incised on another pillar of exactly the same style. From them it is clear that the temple of Lakshmanasvamin was at Nadula, i.e. Nadol. Again, in order that the festival of one god may be celebrated by courtezans attached to other temples, all the temples must be in one and the same town, ie. in Nadol. The name of the god Lakshmanasvamin suggests that he was so called, after Lakshmana, the founder of the Marwar branch of the Chauhans.

Vaḍaharaka (वडहरक) = Is it a variant of Vardak ?
The Chahamanas of Nadol

Reference - Epigraphia Indica Vol.IX By Kielhorn, pp.62-83

Page-62 - Of the Chahamanas of Shakambhari we possess two long inscriptions. One of them is the Harsha inscription of Vigraharaja, edited by me in Ep, Ind. VoL II, p. 116 ff. It is dated in the [Vikrama] year 1030, corresponding to about A.D. 973, and gives the genealogy of the Chahamanas from Guvaka I, 'who attained to pre-eminence as a hero in the assembly of the glorious Nagavaloka, the foremost of Kings,' to Vigraharaja. The other is the difficult Bijoli (Bijaoli, Bijolia, Bijholi) rock inscription of the reign of Somevara, which has been uncritifeally edited in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Vol. LV. Part I. p. 40 ff. This inscription is dated in the vikrama year 1226, corresponding to A.D. 1170, and gives a long genealogy, commencing with Samanta, the reputed founder of the family, and ending with Someshvara. Between these, two longer records, and subsequently to the second, we have a few shorter inscriptions of the same family, notably the Delhi Siwalik pillar inscriptions of Visaladeva-Vigraharaja of A.D. 1114, and two short inscriptions on the defeat of the Chandella Paramardideva by the Chahamana Prithviraja II., of the [Vitrama] year 1239=A.D. 1182. The latest available date for this family is the [Vikrama] year 1244= A.D. 1187.

From this Sakambhari family there branched off, some fame in the first half of the 10th century A.D., another line of Chahamanas (or Chahumanas), which, was founded by the Sakambhari prince Lakshmana, and which for a long time had its seat of government at Naddula, the modern Nadol. To this branch of the family there is assigned in my Northern List only a single inscription, No. 141, the Nadol Copper-plate inscription of the Maharaja Alhaṇadeva of A.D. 1161. But there belong to it also other inscriptions of the List, inscriptions of chiefs whose connection with the family was not known

Page-63 - when I compiled the list. My object in writing this paper is, to give the genealogy of these Chahamanas of Nadulla, so far as the documents which lately have come to my knowledge enable me to do so. For this purpose I shall give the texts of three inscriptions which the kindness of Dr. Fleet and Mr. Graurishankar Hirachand Ojha allows me to edit, and an account of the contents of some Mount Abu inscriptions, based on excellent impressions for which we have to thank Mr. Cousens.

A. Nadol Plates Of Alhanadeva V.S. 1218 (A.D. 1161)

These plates were obtained by Colonel Tod, 1 in October 1819, at Nadol and presented to the Royal Asiatic Society. An account of their contents was given by him in his Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, Vol. I. p. 804 ; and the inscription which they contain was edited, in a rather slovenly manner, by Rao Bahadur H. H. Dhruva, in Journ. Bombay As. Soc. Vol. XIX. p. 26 ff. I re-edit it from an excellent photolithograph, prepared under the superintendence of, and kindly placed at my disposal by, Dr. Fleet.

These are two plates, each of which measures about 8-1/8" broad by 6-1,2 " high. The first plate is inscribed on one side only, and the second on both sides. The edges of the inner sides of them are fashioned slightly thicker, so as to protect the writing, and the inscription is in a state of perfect preservation. Both plates contain a hole for a ring, but the ring and any seal that may have been attached to it have not been preserved. The characters are Nagari. The language is Sanskrit, and the greater part of the text is in verse. In respect of orthography it will suffice to state that the letters b and v are both denoted by the sign, for v, and that the dental sibilant is often used for the palatal. The text contains considerable number of clerical mistakes, most of which can be easily corrected. Other mistakes are shown by the metre to be due to the author himself, who possessed no accurate knowledge of Sanskrit.

The inscription records a donation by the Maharaja Alnaṇadeva of Naddula. According to lines 18-23, this chief, on Sunday, the 14th tithi (described as mahachaturdasi-parvan) of the bright half of Sravana in the year 1218, after worshipping the Sun and Isana (Siva) and making gifts to Brahmans and gurus, granted to (the Jaina temple of) Mahaviradeva in the Saṇḍeraka gachchha (L-13....श्रीनद्दूल महास्थाने श्रीसंडेरक-गच्छे....)(In Mount Abu inscriptions this gachchha, is also called Saṇḍera-gachchha and Saṇḍeraka-gachchha. The town of Saṇḍera (संडेर)[5] at the holy place (mahasthana) of Naddula, a monthly sum of five drammas, (to be paid) from the custom-house (sulka-mandapika) in the grounds Naddula.

Page:64 - The inscription, after the words "Om, adoration to the Omniscient,' opens with a verse in which the holy Mahaviradeva, ' the youngest of the Jinas,' is desired to bestow welfare. It then, (in verses 2-7) gives the following- genealogy of the grantor.-

In the Chahamana race there was first at Naddula the king Lakshmana. His son was Sohiya, and his son Baliraja. After him came his paternal uncle Vigrahapala. His son was Mahendra, his son Aṇahilla, and his son Bālaprasāda. His brother was Jendraraja, and his son Prithivipaia. His brother was Jojalla, and his younger brother Āsāraja, whose son was Alhaṇadeva. Nothing of historical importance is said about any of these chiefs.

According to lines 33-38, the duta of this grant was the minister, appointed to the secretaryship (shrikarana) Lakshamidhara, the son of Dharaṇigga, o the Pragvaṭa race ; and the grant was composed and written, by Shridhara, the son of Vāsala ( Visala ?), who was the son of Manoratha, of the family of the Naigamas. The inscription ends with the words 'this is the own hand (i.e. sign-manual) of the Maharaja, the illustrious Alhanadeva.'

Naddula of course is the modern Nadol where the plates were obtained, and where the temple of Mahavira to which, the grant was made apparently still exists. The date of the grant, for the expired Chaitrādi Vikrama year 1218, regularly corresponds to Sunday, the 6th August A.D. 1161, when the 14th tithi of the bright half of Sravana ended after mean sunrise.

B. Nadol Plates of the Rajaputra Kirtipala V.S. 1218 (A.D. 1160)

Page:66 - Mr Gaurishankar Hirachand Ojha of Udaipur in Rajputana has informed me that these plates also were obtained, in the course of last year, at Nadol, My account of them is mainly based on two good rubbing, kindly supplied to me by Mr. Ojha.

Page-67: These also are two plates, each of which measures about 9-1/2" broad by 6-1/2" high. The first plate is inscribed on one side only, and the second on both sides. The writing on them is in a state of perfect preservation. Each plate contains a hole for a ring; I do not know whether the ring and any seal that may have been attached to it hare been preserved. The characters are Nagari, and the language is Sanskrit. The text contains eight verses of chiefly genealogical matter, three of the ordinary imprecatory verses, and one verse giving the writer's name ; the rest is in prose, -which in one or two places is grammatically incorrect. As regards orthography, the letter v is used for both b and v, except in -labdhajanma, L. 3 ; the dental sibilant is used for the palatal in Mahesvaram, L. 22.

The inscription records a grant by the Rājaputra (or King's son) Kirtipala, a son of Alhanadva of Naddula. After the words Om svasti, it invokes the blessing of the gods Brahman, Sridhara (Vishnu), and Samkara (Siva), ' who, always free from passion, are famous in the world as Jinas' (or Jaina Arhats). It then (in verses 2-8) gives the following genealogy :

In the town of Sakambhari there was formerly, in the Chahamana lineage, the king Vakpatiraja. His son was Lakshmana, who was king at Naddula; and his son was Sobhita. From him sprang Baliraja, and after him there ruled his paternal uncle Vigrahapala. Vigrahapala's son was Mahendra, his son Anahilla, and his son Jendraraja, from whom sprang Asaraja. His son was Alhaṇa, the lord of Naddula, who defeated the Saurashtrikas. This king married Annalladevi, a daughter of Aṇahula of the Rashṭrauḍa race, who bore to him three sons- Kelhana, Gajasimha, and Kirtipala. Of these, Kelhana, the eldest son, was made Kumara (or heir-apparent) and given a share in the government.

According to L.17 ff. the Rājakula Alhanadeva and the Kumāra Kelhanadeva were pleased to give to the Rājaputra Kirtipala twelve villages appertaining to Naddulai And then, on Monday, the 5th of the dark half of Sravana of the year 1218, the Rājaputra Kirtipala, after bathing etc. at Naddula and worshipping the Sun and Mahesvara (Siva), granted a yearly sum of two drammas from each of the twelve villages of Naddulai to (the temple of) the Jina Mahavira at the village of Naddulai, and ordered this money to be paid in the month of Bhadrapada of every year, commencing with the year then current.

12 villages - The twelve villages to which this order referred were 1.Naddulaigrama, 2.Sujera, 3.Ḍariji, 4.Kavilāḍa, 5.Sonāṇam, 6. Morakarā, 7. Haravandam, 8. Māḍada, 9. Kaṇasuvam, 10. Devasuri, 11. Nāḍaḍa, and 12. Mauvaḍi.

So far as I can judge, the village of Naddulai mentioned in the above is different from (the mahāsthāna) Naddula, and the words Naddulāi-pratibaddha in line 18 appear clearly to show that Naddulai not merely was the name of a village, but also denoted the district to which the twelve villages given to Kirtipala belonged. On the map of the Rajputana Agency I find Page-68 - south-east of Nadol, Desuri, which most probably is the Devasuri of this inscription ; of the other villages I can find no traces on the map,

After the imprecatory verses the inscription (in lines 33 and 34) has the words this is the own hand (i.e. sign-manual) of the Maharajaputra (or Maharaja's son), the illustrious Kirtipala', and the statement that this grant was "written by Subhamkara, the son of Damodara and grandson of the Kāyastha Sodha of the Naigama lineage.

The possible equivalents of the date, for the prnimanta and Amanta month Sravana, would be for the amānta month Sravana of the current Chaitrddi Vikrama year 1218, and therefore apparently corresponds to Monday, the 25th July A.D. 1160.added by bhanwarsingh chauhan village post surdhana chauhanan distt bikaner rajathan 9636146355