Krasnye Vorota Metro Station (Moscow)

 invisible, metro station, listed building / architectural heritage, civil defense facility, underground facility, 1935_construction

Sokolnicheskaya line.
Opened 15 May 1935.
Depth 31 metres (102 ft).

Architects Ivan Fomin and N. Andrikanis designed the station. It was one of Moscow's first four deep-level stations, and one of the first two to employ a three-arched design with three parallel, circular tunnels. In this type of station, the outer tubes (which house the tracks and platforms) are separated from the larger central hall by heavy pylons. This design was planned to be used for the first time on the four central-city stations on the first Metro line, Krasnye Vorota, Chistye Prudy, Lubyanka, and Okhotnyi Ryad. However, due to construction difficulties a simpler two-arched design was implemented at Lubyanka and Chistye Prudy. Krasnye Vorota has off-white tiled walls and pylons faced with dark red Shrosha marble from Georgia. A model of the station was exhibited at the 1938 World's Fair in Paris, where it was awarded a Grand Prix.

Krasnye Vorota has two entrances. The southern is a subterranean vestibule with mezzanine stairwells and a distinctive shell-like pavilion designed by Nikolai Ladovsky, that stands on the south side of the Garden Ring (with an open Red Gates plaza in front of it), on the intersection of Myasnitsky drive, Boyarsky side-street and Khoromny lane. The original three 28.4 metre (93 ft) high N-type escalators were replaced in 1994 by ET-3M models. The works included a renovation of the vestibule. The second entrance was built into the ground floor of the Red Gate skyscraper, designed by architect Alexey Dushkin and opened on 31 July 1954, the architecture carries resemblance of the more flamboyant Stalinist style. Due to the landscape of the region, it required the escalator tunnels to be split. As a result, there is a small incline that follows the axis of the station (3 x EM-1M escalators, 11.5 metres {37 ft} high) and a great incline that brings commuters to the ground level (3 x EM-4 escalators, 18.5 metres {60 ft}). It is scheduled to close for renovation in January 2014 which would include the replacement of escalators.