Mott Haven (New York City, New York)

Mott Haven is the southernmost neighborhood in the South Bronx. It is the part of the South Bronx below 149th Street and between the East and Harlem Rivers. Locals often refer to the neighborhood simply as the "South Bronx," while with gentrification, political and real estate interests attempt to change the name to "SoBro." (Ostensibly to conjure the cachet of Manhattan's SoHo neighborhood.)

The area that is now called Mott Haven was originally owned by the Morris family. A small part of the larger swath of land known as Morrisania, it was purchased by Manhasset-born Jordan L. Mott for his iron works in 1849. As the city below grew, the area quickly developed commercially. Many other factories were built, most famously several piano factories around Lincoln avenue, at least two of which are extant. At the same time, an upper-middle class residential area, marked by townhouses built in an elaborate and architecturally daring fashion, started to grow by the 1890s. Soon after, the Bronx grew more quickly, especially with public transit into the area, including the IRT Ninth Avenue Line. By the early 20th century, the population density and relative prosperity of the area supported the construction of many sophisticated Art Deco buildings, many of which still stand along Walton and Jerome Avenues.

Mott Haven was the first neighborhood to give rise to the term "South Bronx". In the 1940s when the Bronx was usually divided into the East Bronx and West Bronx, a group of social workers identified a pocket of poverty in Mott Haven and called it the South Bronx. This pocket of poverty greatly expanded northward, following the post-war phenomenon colloquially referred to as white flight, reaching a peak in the 1970s when the North Bronx-South Bronx boundary reached Fordham Road. Today the North Bronx-South Bronx distinction remains more common than the traditional East Bronx-West Bronx distinction, and some still regard Fordham Road as the boundary.

In November 1999, Scientific American noted: "The Mott Haven section of New York City's South Bronx has long been one of the poorest neighborhoods in the nation. The median household income of its residents, most of whom are African-American or Hispanic, is less than one third of the U.S. median."

The portion of Mott Haven south and east of the Major Deegan and Bruckner expressways is known as the sub-neighborhood of Port Morris. Some artists and professionals have been moving into lofts and historic brownstones in this area, along with a small concentration of new restaurants and cafes. An Antiques District has grown along Bruckner Boulevard and Alexander Avenue, in sight of the old piano and other factories.

In the book, Amazing Grace: The Lives of Children and the Conscience of a Nation, author Jonathan Kozol visits Mott Haven and describes the area and what it is like for the people living there. He not only interviews adults but children as well.

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