Tora Bora Caves

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Tora Bora, known locally as Spīn Ghar, is a cave complex situated in the White Mountains (Safed Koh) of eastern Afghanistan.

The outposts in use in 2001 were originally built by extending and shoring up natural caves, with the assistance of the CIA in the early 1980s (Operation Cyclone) for use by mujahideen during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, but several may date back to much earlier periods, as the difficult terrain has been used by tribal warriors fighting foreign invaders since ancestral times.

During the US-led coalition invasion of Afghanistan it was one of the supposed strongholds of the Taliban. As the suspected hide-out of Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, it was the theater in December 2001 for the Battle of Tora Bora, see: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tora_Bora